Liquefaction - A Reminder
ABSTRACT
Bulk carriers are ship types designed to carry dry cargo in bulk form. Especially concentrate cargoes, such as iron ore and nickel ore, affect ship stability negatively.
Bulk carriers are ship types designed to carry dry cargo in bulk form. Especially concentrate cargoes, such as iron ore and nickel ore, affect ship stability negatively.
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ABSTRACT
Bulk carriers are ship types designed to carry dry cargo in bulk form. Especially concentrate cargoes, such as iron ore and nickel ore, affect ship stability negatively. International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code (IMSBC Code) divide bulk cargoes into three categories. First category is cargoes which may liquefy. Cargo liquefaction is a serious problem for solid bulk cargo carriers. Liquefaction problems cause loss of lives, total loss of ships and a high cost of insurance. M/V Mega Tars, M/V Sea Prospect, M/V Jian Fu Star, M/V Nasco Diamond , M/V Hong Wei and lastly M/V Vinalines Queen are all totally lost ships with 94 lives lost during 1988-2005. Besides loss of lives and total loss of ships; near miss accidents, cargo and ship structural damage often occur due to cargo liquefaction. During voyages; motion of ships especially rolling, engine and deck equipment vibration, cause cargo liquefaction due to the moisture content of the cargo. In this paper the author investigates the reasons for total loss of bulk carriers and their cargo, the reason for loss of stability due to cargo liquefaction and the Master and crew responsibilities for loading and during the voyage under the IMSBC Code and SOLAS 74 Regulations.
ABSTRACT
Bulk carriers are ship types designed to carry dry cargo in bulk form. Especially concentrate cargoes, such as iron ore and nickel ore, affect ship stability negatively. International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code (IMSBC Code) divide bulk cargoes into three categories. First category is cargoes which may liquefy. Cargo liquefaction is a serious problem for solid bulk cargo carriers. Liquefaction problems cause loss of lives, total loss of ships and a high cost of insurance. M/V Mega Tars, M/V Sea Prospect, M/V Jian Fu Star, M/V Nasco Diamond , M/V Hong Wei and lastly M/V Vinalines Queen are all totally lost ships with 94 lives lost during 1988-2005. Besides loss of lives and total loss of ships; near miss accidents, cargo and ship structural damage often occur due to cargo liquefaction. During voyages; motion of ships especially rolling, engine and deck equipment vibration, cause cargo liquefaction due to the moisture content of the cargo. In this paper the author investigates the reasons for total loss of bulk carriers and their cargo, the reason for loss of stability due to cargo liquefaction and the Master and crew responsibilities for loading and during the voyage under the IMSBC Code and SOLAS 74 Regulations.